Humanistic Nursing - 8354 Words

HUMANISTIC NURSING THEORY By: MARY JOHN L. RENONG, RN August 10, 2013 Dr. Loretta Zderad Dr. Josephine Paterson I. BIOGRAPHY Josephine Paterson was born on the 1st of September of 1924 in Freeport, New York. Loretta and Josephine spent their early school years during the depression of the 1930s. Josephine G. Paterson was also learning the role of a nurse as well as work responsibilities during this same time period. She had graduated in August of 1945 with a diploma from Lenox Hill School of Nursing in New York. She finished a couple of years earlier than Loretta Zderad and within a year of WW II ending. Nine years later (1954, August) Josephine Paterson graduated†¦show more content†¦Humanistic Nursing Theory is based on the idea that nursing is an inter-subjective transactional relationship between a nurse and a patient who are human beings existing in the world. The conceptual framework of the theory is existentialism and it presents a phenomenological method of inquiry that can be used by nurses to examine and understand their everyday practice. The theory serves as a vehicle to describe the essences of everyday nursing experiences. It is an inductive approach to theory building through exploration and description. Paterson and Zderad (1988) addressed three central questions: What is the meaning of nursing? How do nurses and patients interact? How can nurses develop the knowledge base for the act of nursing? The humanistic-practice nursing theory proposes that the nurse and the patient are significant components in the nurse–patient situation. The act of caring increases the humanness of both. They both approach the situation with experiences that influence the encounter. Nurses therefore, should consider such encounters as existential experiences and should describe them from observing â€Å"the thing itself,† the phenomena of nursing as they occur in the world. They use a phenomenological perspective as the basis for a dialogue about lived experiences to uncover answers to the questions. The sum total of allShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Hum anistic Nursing1458 Words   |  6 Pagesand effective nursing practice is a combination of art and science. Both the art and science of nursing are employed when working with a patient on their health goals. The art of healing is the communicative and relationship building skills while the science of nursing is the technical skills related to the field. Throughout nursing history, theories have been developed that attempt to explain the role of the nurse. These theories often try to either explain the science or art of nursing. Some of theseRead MoreMaggi s Transcultural Nursing : A Humanistic And Scientific Area Of Formal Study And Practice792 Words   |  4 Pages2) How did you apply Leininger’s theory to this patient situation? Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing theory is defined as a humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice in nursing that is focused on the comparative study of cultures (Denisco Barker, 2016). Transcultural nursing goal is to provide culturally specific care that is in agreement with the patient’s cultural values, beliefs, and practicies (Denisco Barker, 2016). I would apply this theory during the time with Mrs. HernandezRead MoreEvidence Based Practice For Palliative Care1157 Words   |  5 Pagespalliative care can be directly related to the hospice care. The 76th World Health Assembly emphasized strengthening of palliative care as a global focus. In their article Phillips, and Agar, (2016) review the five practices of exemplary leadership in nursing. The authors believe that World Health Assembly vision for palliative care can be implemented in real practice if nurses fallow those five practices. Each practice is reviewed and explained in this article. The practices identified as, inspire a sharedRead MoreJean Watsons Theory of Caring Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Jean Watson’s Theory: The Philosophy and Science of Caring â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing†~Dr. Jean Watson Major Concepts of Watson’s theory: †¢ Main focus in nursing is on carative factors †¢ For nurses to develop humanistic philosophies and value sytem †¢ The caring stance that nursing has is threatened by the demands of the curative factors ( Sitzman, 2007) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- †¢ PublishedRead MoreCounseling Among All Present : End Of Life Care874 Words   |  4 PagesCare in the ICU At bedside, the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Nurse is often faced with a lived experience that is multifaceted and challenging, particularly when the patient faces certain death. ICU Nurses must be present and fully participate in humanistic holistic care encompassing the patient and their family. In 2007, the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) set out to define guidelines for patient and family centered care. Fifty-three recommendations that include a shared decision-makingRead MoreNursing As A Science And Art1439 Words   |  6 PagesQuestions to answer How nursing considered as a science and an art and discuss how the philosophy of nursing is applied to this definition. There is no contention that nursing is considered both as a science and art based on the dispensation of services to the community and patients. As a result of that, the paper seeks to explicitly elaborate the same by giving authentic distinction of why nursing is categorically classified on the two dynamics with a reflection of artistic and scientific intellectualismRead MoreWhat Makes Nursing A Profession?1656 Words   |  7 PagesNursing is a multidisciplinary profession in which caring, holism, endurance, effective patient care and patient safety are simultaneously executed. Nursing is a unique profession whereby personal experience and a personal philosophy contribute to great nursing care. In this paper, I will review my view of nursing and what makes it a unique profession. Nursing as a Profession What makes nursing a profession? Definition. According to the ANA, the requirements for nursing profession are educationRead MoreMy Experience As A Nursing1274 Words   |  6 Pagesgetting as much attention as that of nursing informatics and the technical skills of nursing; and that is the caring aspect of nursing and caring for the patient. When providing care to a patient population, the nursing professional is not just a tool used to get them from one point to another; yet, they are a fundamental aspect for reshaping the ideology of the patient through education, shared positive experiences and true hands on care (Marks, 2013). Nursing education is to be holistic; which isRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Caring995 Words   |  4 Pages Watson’s theory is at the center of nursing beliefs as well as important within the concept of patient centered care. This paper will analyze, evaluate the theory, and discuss an application of the theory as it applies to psychiatric nurse practitioners (PMHNP). Analysis of the Theory Jean Watson’s theory of caring stems from various psychologists and pioneering nurses such as Florence Nightingale. Watson has generated a humanistic theory approach to nursing care, which reflects upon the nursesRead MoreHospice Care : An Effective Patient And Individual Preferences At The End Of Life1185 Words   |  5 Pagesfor end of life. To further nursing education in Universities would need to incorporate this into their curriculum. For example, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported there is great need for improving the quality and individual preferences at the end of life. They also reported that the possible impact of the report on nursing home clinicians, patients, and families is great. According to Unroe, Ersek, and Cagle (2015), 28% of elder Americans die in nursing homes, as well as nearly 70% of

Paul Cezanne Essay - 791 Words

Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) was a revolutionary painter of the late 19th century. His work could not be contained within one movement of modern art. Cezanne painted during the height of the Impressionists movement, though he did not hit the pinnacle of his career until he became one of the founders of the Post-Impressionist movement. His style of painting has inspired generations of artists to this day. His 1895-1900, Post-Impressionist, still life, Table, Napkin, and Fruit, (Un coin de Table) oil painting comes from his collection of still-lifes. The Barnes Foundation, in Merion, Pennsylvania, houses this remarkable painting. Cezanne encapsulates the simplicity of a bowl of peaches and pears on a table and turns it into a major work of the†¦show more content†¦Cezanne created an asymmetrical balance on the tabletop. That is visually weighted in the right corner of the canvas because of the placement of the fruit within the light bowl. In the background, he added the window f rames creating a counter balance with right angles, insuring equal distribution of visual movement inside the canvas. The fruit in Cezanne’s painting are structured with a degree of both volume and flatness. This distortion of both the objects and the perspective of these objects was his style of reality within the painted image. There is a perfect coherence between the prominence of the empty spaces around the objects, to the items themselves creating both two and three dimensions. Cezanne always had a painterly approach to his works of art. An example of this would be from Table, Napkin, and Fruit. The languid napkin on the tabletop has traditional shading. The tonal gradations of whites with the addition of blue hues pick up and unify the colors in the napkin to those in the background. Specifically on what seems to be a glare in the glass on the window. In the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s, he pushed further in his use of color than ever before. In this specific piece, Cezanne uses the perfect complementary colors of red and green, and blue and orange. He used the vivid hues of the Impressionists with a palette of earthy tones, which were used conventionally by 19th centuryShow MoreRelated Paul Cezanne Essay651 Words   |  3 Pages PAUL CÉZANNE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Post Impressionism, as the name would suggest, is the art movement that directly followed Impressionism. One artist, who led the Post Impressionism movement, was French artist, Paul Cà ©zanne. Much of his early work was pure Impressionism and, although he was introduced to the style and guided by Camille Pissarro, Cà ©zannes works showed a distinctive uniqueness. Cà ©zanne broke away from Impressionism because of the lack of composition;Read MoreThe Art Of Paul Cezanne1530 Words   |  7 Pagesand Pablo Picasso were both profoundly influenced by the art of Paul Cà ©zanne, somewhat ironically since the latter is reported to have been quite uncertain of his artistic contributions and anxious about his legacies (Merleau-Ponty, 1945). Picasso described Cà ©zanne as â€Å"my one and only master† ; while Matisse noted that â€Å"it is undoubtedly to Cà ©zanne that I owe the most† . The Large Bathers was one of two final paintings produced by Cà ©zanne in 1906, the year of his death. At this stage Matisse had acquiredRead MoreAnalysis Paper : Paul Cezanne2048 Words   |  9 PagesContextual Analysis Paper: Paul Cezanne One of the most influential painters of the twentieth century was Paul Cezanne. He was willing to break the traditionally accepted artistic practices in order to better portray his artistic creativity. Cezanne became part of the movement following the Impressionists called the Post-Impressionism movement. The artists who were the driving forces behind this movement were Gauguin, Van Gogh, Seurat, and Cezanne. These artists were grouped together because theyRead MoreA Comparison Of Paul Cà ©zanne And The Large Bathers1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are simultaneously seen as inspired by and breaking free of Paul Cà ©zanne’s, The Large Bathers. Let’s see more in details why it can be. The Large Bathers The Large Bathers is a painting by the French painter Paul Cà ©zanne. It is made in oil on canvas. It measures 210.5 cm tall and 250.8 cm long. It was painted in 1906. It is located at the Museum of Art in Philadelphia, United States. It is the largest fabric ever painted by Cà ©zanne, who worked for seven years at the workshop he had at Lauves, andRead MoreNew Tendencies Emerged : Paul Cezanne Essay2377 Words   |  10 PagesImpressionism appeared with changes in Renoir’s painterly manner, Degas’s interest in three-dimensionality, and Monet’s involvement with the subjectivity of perception. New tendencies emerged: Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) experimented with perspective, color, and visual mass, and Georges Seurat (1859 -1891) and Paul Signac (1863 -1935) worked on color theory in its application to divisionism, leading the course of Neo-Impressionism. These developments in painting were innovative and even revolutionaryRead More Analysis of Still Life With Peppermint Bottle by Paul Cezanne938 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Still Life With Peppermint Bottle by Paul Cezanne Paul Cezanne is considered one of the greatest and most memorable artists of the Post-Impressionist period. His techniques were admired and greatly influential in the development of Cubism and many other modern art movements. He employed several styles in his works, such as his still life productions. In 1894 he produced a brilliant piece of work entitled â€Å"Still Life with a Peppermint Bottle†. Through this work he used elaborateRead More Paul Rand: An Incredibly Influential Designer Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pages Paul Rand is known as one of the most influential and finest American graphic designer of the twentieth century. He is known for his art work predominantly for design, graphic design and typography. Paul Rand was born in August 15, 1914 in Brooklyn, New York with the name Peretz Rosenbaum. Rand was known as â€Å"self- taught designer†, he learned about works of Cassandre and Moholy-Nagy from European magazines. His esteemed contribution to the desig n form is acknowledged by many critics and is amazinglyRead More Biography of Vincent Van Gogh Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesaccepted during his time. But, now he is one of the most highly publicized artists of all time. With many of his painting selling for millions and millions of dollars (Rewald 230). Vincent Van Gogh along with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, and Paul Gauguin are now seen to be the main artists of the post-impressionist period. These painters were also at the beginning of the Modernism movement (Stokstad 1025). Although Van Gogh was only painted for 10 years his genius and styleRead MoreA Brief Note On Impressionism And Post Impressionism958 Words   |  4 Pages2000). Some well known artists from this period were Vincent Van Gogh, George Seurat, and Paul Cezanne. The post-impressionist artists focused on a different style of painting to express their emotions. Instead of just mastering optical impressions they also used symbolism whi le alluding to their deeper theme. â€Å"Symbolic and highly personal meanings were particularly important to Post-Impressionists such as Paul Gauguin and Vincent Van Gogh. Rejecting interest in depicting the observed world, theyRead MorePainting Style And Technique For The Modern World1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about Paul Cà ©zanne, we think about a French artist who had incredible painting skills and was an Impressionist painter. Moreover, it is undeniable that his talent was a contribution to the modern world. Cà ©zanne was a great artist, his Post-impressionist artwork is definitely a strong link between late 19th century Cubism and Impressionism. In addition, his artwork is known to have influenced so many artists, such as Matisse, Picasso and so on. Those artists have noted Paul Cà ©zanne as a wonderful

Leadership in Professional Learning Communities †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Leadership in Professional Learning Communities. Answer: Introduction In the competitive business world, leadership skill is essential for the success of the business. Leadership is defined as the process by which an individual directs to other for performing a specific task. In the business scenario, if an individual wish to progress in the specific field then he may require a certain expertise because it gives an opportunity to become a good leader. Moreover, it facilitates an individual to grow the business ladder (Northouse, 2015). Hence, leadership can be viewed as one of the key resources which enable a person to become a successful manager. It is analyzed that management faces a challenge with respect to making an efficient and effective strategy to attain the organizational goals. In this way, management uses staffing, planning, organizing, controlling and directing process to manage the organizational resources. In opposed to this, leadership is one of the key resources which are used to direct the business function. It means that leadership is associated with the role of managers and experts. But, management and leadership are two distinct roles which creates confusion among many people. It is analyzed that many researchers stated that leadership can be used in both quantitative and qualitative way and also described that leadership concept is more sophisticated and difficult to understand (Getha-Taylor, et. al., 2015). Leadership is defined as a procedure in which individual influences the other person by using their attitude, behavior and thought hence it is effective to attain the organizational goal. Moreover, leadership can build confidence among employees as well as train them to gain their efficiency by creating reliability and friendly environment. It also makes feel safety to their employees regarding their job because it helps to gain their efficiency (Fischer, 2016). Further, the company has informal leaders who have no power, no authority, no title and no right but they can boost their personal power. In the current business scenario, large numbers of companies are agreed that without the leadership, management cannot work effectively. Besides this, without leadership, resources cannot be organized appropriately and organization may move too slowly. As a result, it will lose the business. It can be evaluated that leader is one who is reliable, self-possession, and meet the promises by emphasizing on critical work. Moreover, the different individual has different belief and hence they provide a resolution to specific issues in a distinct manner. Hence, a most appropriate decision needs to be chosen while conflict arises (Naile, and Selesho, 2014). Leadership is a practice to lead another individual to do appropriate things. Hence, selection of a better leader is a challenging task for an organization. In addition, it can be evaluated that organization can gain their reputation and profitability by motivating the workforce and having the right team. In this way, great leadership qua lities are required to encourage the team. Some researchers stated that leadership is exercised as personality perspectives like traits and behavior while some author stated that leadership is used as information processing perspectives (Grossman, and Valiga, 2016).Hence, this essay presents the critical analyses on whether leaders are born or made. Whether leaders are born or made In the current business world, there are large numbers of self-made leaders who develop the business. It is a debatable matter whether leaders are born or made through their experiences. Porter et al. (2016) focuses on the trait theory and explained that traits are distinct personal characteristics of a leader like honesty, appearance, self-confidence. It depicts that trait theory is mainly focusing on leaders are born. But, it is difficult to analyze that whether leaders are born or made. In this way, there is a requirement to assess a leader who is not born, cannot be a leader. Van Wart (2014)exemplified that emotional intelligence has five aspects such as self-regulation, self-awareness, social skills, empathy, and motivation that can be learned by an individual to become a good leader. But, this concept is identical to the trait theory. Further, a large number of people argue that the traits are significant for developing and deploying the peoples skills. Along with this, Day et al. (2014) argued that leadership is born when emphasizes in some personal characters like players and artists. But, they have also felt that leadership is really not born. There are different examples can be seen which illustrates that leaders are born like Tiger Woods- Golf Champion was born with some skills of sports. However, his father worked tough from his childhood to make him a Golf champion. Another example can be taken of Mozart- Musician who was born with the talent of music. But, his father wanted to make him as a musician from his early ages hence he was trained to him for using the instrument. Along with this, Hendry ford is an automobile leader. However, his parents were poor but they came to America with the hope of initiate for their lives. When he was a child then he spent his most of time with his mother. He is inward demonstrating and quite. When he was young then his mother passed away. He was acting as a low-level mechanist in different areas without having inadequate money. He did not have sufficient resources like pedigree, a birthright that could make him a born leader. After that, he became the greatest leader in the corporate world. These all examples prove that their natural qualities and talent improved by making hard work from many years (Benson, et. al., 2014). It can be also stated that these all leaders have enhanced their influencing ability. Leadership is used a procedure in which an individual persuade a set of the individual to attain their companys goal. Thornton and Cherrington (2014) revealed that leadership is a process which demonstrates that it is not characteristics and traits of leadership, however, some traits are distinguished between followers and leaders. Moreover, it also defines that leadership cannot be a linear function however it could be entailed as a communication program. Hence, it can be stated that leadership exists in everyone. Petriglieri and Petriglieri (2015) stated that an effective business needs appropriate leaders because the manager cannot run the organization due to having incapability to lead position in the market. Hence, it can be opined that managers should be real leaders to attain the leading position in the marketplace. When someone wants to become a good leader then he can be an effective leader by enhancing leadership qualities like concepts, values, and goals. Johnston and Marshall (2016) evaluated that a leader should keep concentration on extending the business growth in long-term. Leaders also encourage the followers to overcome whatever challenges come in the way. Hence, the leader should lead others and create co-operation with them to attain the organizational goals. At the same time, leaders should focus on making friends to others rather than making enemies. Since, the friendly strategy will be an effective asset to attain the business objectives and get growth. For becoming a successful leader, the organization needs to increase training session to obtain the growth. The leader can build favorable thinking by attending an effective training program. Hence, it can be stated that abilities and traits of a person are not enough to be a good leader. Pendleton and Furnham (2016) suggest that traits approach plays an imperative role in leadership. It stated that a specific individual may have inborn characteristics which will aid them t o be good leaders. The trait leadership demonstrates that an individual who has unique, inborn, and aptitude can be good leaders. There are different traits is identified as fluency, intelligence, and height. In contrast to this, process concept recommended that leadership is a communication amid followers and leaders which is available for everyone. It also opined that leaders should focus on their followers as well as followers should consider leaders who are closely related to make interaction with each other to keep association. Redmond and Dolan (2016) exhibited that Douglas Mc Gregor theory of leadership is based on two aspects such as theory X and theory Y. Theory X is considered when employees are shy, and they have need to scrutinize, control and lead by leaders. In opposed to this, theory Y defines that some people take accountabilities and manage to themselves to attain the organizational goals. As per the theory Y, the workforce can be easily encouraged. However, Fesler (2016) have built the managerial grid in which he recommends the two aspects of leadership behavior like production and concern for people. In this way, production aspects define the task-oriented behavior like clear roles, determining output and scheduling work. Further, concern for people focuses on building trust, friendship, and responsive environment. But, this approach is more emphasizes on people hence it helps to encourage the workforce to attain a predetermined set of strategies, vision, and targets of a corporation. Hence, it can be stated that leadership is accessible for each individual. Taylor and Ladkin (2014) argued that leaders focus on the purpose, vision, and structure and core value to interpret them to make a significant business decision. Hence, it is required that all level of the workforce should be self-motivated to attain the organizational targets. There are different theories such as Mc Gregors theory and vrooms expectancy theory of motivation which evaluates that followers are able to attain the organizational goals by influencing with leaders. In this way, expectancy theory suggests that different person perceives different circumstance. Therefore, needs of motivation are required for an organization to understand the situation and perception of people. In such case, it can provide the training to develop the learning skills as it would be beneficial to become an efficient and effective leader. Moreover, leaders should have some characteristics and qualities to encourage workforce and team in an organization. Hence, a good leader is a significant resource to lead workforce and team in a corporation. It can be evaluated that leadership is a significant asset for a firm because a great leader provides different opportunities to obtain business growth and success. In this way, it can delegate, encourage, evaluate and resolve the conflicts of employees within an organization (Wren, 2013). Coaley (2014) suggested that leadership can be created and enhanced by training and mentoring. Hence, effective training can be used to improve the leader for self-motivation. In this way, the leader can motivate the team within an organization. Each person has their own field of skill and leaning for achievement. These features and things lead the individual to be a good leader. It can be stated that each person can be a good leader by using their own skills and talent. For example, it can be evaluated that an extroverted person who has grown up throughout his entire life can be a good leader. He can be passionate about to lead the others. Being an extroverted individual, he cannot take a step back as he always has a strong passion and wishes to lead to his followers voluntarily. From this example, it can be stated that leaders are not born; they are made as they had a need to use proper training for utilizing their skills. Hence, it is analyzed that people have skills from their born but they need proper training and mentoring to utilize these skills (Selladurai, 2014). These leaders can lead to other people in a subject that he has good knowledge in order to provide benefits to a large number of the individual. Along with this, intelligence is a prime factor that is essential to becoming a great leader. Avolio et al. (2009) revealed that a human mind is like a blank sheet of paper when he born. In the development phase, human mind develops due to their education and knowledge as it creates intelligence. However, it takes a long time in which an individual cope with the different struggle to become a good leader. It is also stated that intelligence individual can overcome the challenge and keep themselves as a good leader. Although, intelligence is not inherited characteristics yet this can improve by the development procedure. As per the view of Selladurai (2014), the intelligence is an important resource which contributed to getting achievements, and also develops skills in an individual with the help of mentors, teachers, and coaches. It also stated that intelligent people tend to be a leader from their childhood as they have more capabilities as compared to other people. Moreover, the se nse of humor is also charismatic to become a good leader. For example, Prime Minister Tony Abbott has become making a leader in Australia by his intelligence. Therefore, it can be stated that clever individuals can hold the position of a leader. According to Coaley (2014), behavioral approach emphasizes on the behavior of a leader and the way by which they will work through and with another people to attain the organizational goals. This approach stated that leadership is existed for each individual and can be educated as behavior. It also focuses on what leaders act and feels about the perceived structure of leadership behavior. It is also known as leadership styles that are a significant feature of developing effective leadership. Fesler (2016) evaluated that three kinds of leadership style are used by leaders that created by their behavior such as laissez-faire, democratic, and autocratic. Behavioral approach is mainly focused on two broader aspects named employees oriented behavior which aimed to meet the emotional and social requirement of employees and another one is job oriented behavior which aimed to accomplish the task by the employees. Along with this, the Blake and mountain model of leadership also relies on an approach that all leaders have two different independent issues like employees and tasks. Therefore, it suggested that a leader should use more specific behavior as it will improve the leadership effectiveness. It is found that positive reward behavior can provide the high satisfaction to subordinates and can also improve their performance. Conclusion From the above interpretation, it can be concluded that leaders can be made which shows that it is accessible for all people and can be learned as a behavior. Further, it can be evaluated that leaders are not born, however, all individual born with unique strengths and it enables to become a successful leader. Moreover, leadership is a skill that an effective leader needs to adopt and can be enhanced with practices. A person can gain their skills to improve the leadership qualities. In certain circumstances, the company may have leaders but not addressed their expectation. In such scenario, they can make an effective leader by providing them an appropriate training and appraisal of performance. It proves that leaders are not born because an individual born with some personal characteristics and qualities but it gains their skills through their experience. It can be determined that when the accountability is delegated to a person then it can provide the opportunity to obtain a wider proficiency and being trained by an individual to direct them. Therefore, leaders can be encouraged and act on their own talent and understanding to expand the business. References Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., and Weber, T. J. (2009) Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions,Annual review of psychology,60, pp. 421-449. Benson, R., Fearon, C., McLaughlin, H., and Garratt, S. (2014) Investigating trait emotional intelligence among school leaders: demonstrating a useful self-assessment approach, School Leadership and Management,34(2), pp. 201-222. Coaley, K. (2014)An introduction to psychological assessment and psychometrics. USA: Sage. Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., and McKee, R. A. (2014) Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory,The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp. 63-82. Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., and McKee, R. A. (2014) Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory,The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp. 63-82. Fesler, J. W. (2016) Leadership and Its Context.Administrative Leadership in the Public Sector,20(2), P. 9. Fischer, S. A. (2016) Transformational leadership in nursing: a concept analysis,Journal of advanced nursing,72(11), pp. 2644-2653. Getha-Taylor, H., Fowles, J., Silvia, C., and Merritt, C. C. (2015) Considering the effects of time on leadership development: A local government training evaluation,Public Personnel Management,44(3), pp. 295-316. Grossman, S., and Valiga, T. M. (2016)The new leadership challenge: Creating the future of nursing. USA: FA Davis. Johnston, M. W., and Marshall, G. W. (2016)Salesforce management: Leadership, innovation, technology. UK: Routledge. Naile, I., and Selesho, J. M. (2014) The role of leadership in employee motivation, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(3), p. 175. Northouse, P. G. (2015)Leadership: Theory and practice. USA: Sage Publications. Pendleton, D., and Furnham, A. F. (2016)Leadership: All You Need To Know 2nd Edition. Berlin: Springer. Petriglieri, G., and Petriglieri, J. L. (2015) Can business schools humanize leadership?.Academy of Management Learning and Education,14(4), pp. 625-647. Porter, W. W., Graham, C. R., Bodily, R. G., and Sandberg, D. S. (2016) A qualitative analysis of institutional drivers and barriers to blended learning adoption in higher education,The Internet and Higher Education,28, pp. 17-27. Redmond, S., and Dolan, P. (2016) Towards a conceptual model of youth leadership development,Child and Family Social Work,21(3), pp. 261-271. Selladurai, R. (2014)Servant Leadership: Research and Practice: Research and Practice. UK: IGI Global. Taylor, S. S., and Ladkin, D. (2014) Leading as craft-work: The role of studio practices in developing artful leaders,Scandinavian Journal of Management,30(1), pp. 95-103. Thornton, K., and Cherrington, S. (2014) Leadership in professional learning communities, Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,39(3), P. 94. Van Wart, M. (2014)Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. UK: Routledge. Wren, J. T. (2013)The leader's companion: Insights on leadership through the ages. USA: Simon and Schuster.

Jane Eyre and Victorian Women Essay Example

Jane Eyre and Victorian Women Paper Whilst the Victorian era saw Britain becoming the epitome of power and wealth, the status of women was a perfect example of the discrepancy between this and the appalling social conditions. Women were expected to remain pure and clean, and were expected to be treated as if they were holy yet had limited rights which meant that they could not vote, hold a job that wasnt teaching or own property. It was also believed that women should not be educated to the levels that men were. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer said Women exist in the main solely for the propagation of the species. These somewhat misogynistic words perhaps highlight the opinions that were held about women during the Victorian period. However, despite the barriers put up for women, the number of female writers increased greatly. The catch was that in order to be taken seriously, they had to write under male aliases. This includes Charlotte Bronte , who wrote Jane Eyre as Currer Bell and Mary Ann Evans who wrote Middlemarch as George Eliot two of the novels that we will be talking about. Jane Eyre Jane feels exiled and ostracized at the beginning of the novel, and the cruel treatment she receives from her Aunt Reed and her cousins only increases her feeling of alienation. Charlotte Bronte may have created the character of Jane Eyre as a means of coming to terms with elements of her own life. Jane voices the Bronte s opinions on religion, social class, and gender that were seen as radical in the Victorian era. Jane Eyre could be seen as an earlier example of a feminist- similar to the Suffragists that came to prominence later on in the Victorian era since they held similar ideologies. Helen Burn serves as a foil to Jane- much like Isabella Linton did to Catherine. She is often self-negating despite her intellectual maturity Unlike Jane she believes that the best way to tackle the injustice of society, as seen by the treatment of the girls at Lowood, is by having faith in Gods judgement. She believes that God will be the ones to punish the evil. Somewhat representative of the religious morality that still remained in the rural areas, unlike the cities of the Victorian era where debauchery was rampant. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre and Victorian Women specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre and Victorian Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre and Victorian Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jane is different to her in the sense that she doesnt hold such blind faith- she wants to find happiness and love in this world, though she does count on the support of God. Conclusion One can see that in Victorian literature there were perhaps two distinct types of women portrayed. There were the conventional characters such as Helen Burns and Isabella Linton who represented the archetypal Victorian woman to some extent. The conventional characters often displayed qualities such as refinement and a desire to obtain a high social status. Other conventional characters represented women lower down the social hierarchy and tended to be blindly religious and believe in purity and chastity. These characters tended to act as foils, however, to the unconventional figures of focus such as Jane Eyre or Catherine Earnshaw. These characters were often rebellious and made it their aim to break down the barriers that blocked the development of women as independent members of society. These characters were defiant in their aims- be it love, the resolving of injustices or simply the desire to be free from the prison that was Victorian society.

Leadership Theories Essays

Leadership Theories Essays Leadership Theories Essay Leadership Theories Essay Introduction Numerous studies have been conducted on leadership styles and theories, leading to an abundance of information on the topic. This paper will identify leadership styles and theories that the author has experienced in the maintenance field. Given the leadership styles identified, the author has identified one leadership theory that has influenced their leadership style for an ongoing project that they are currently working on. The study of leadership has identified many different styles exhibited by leaders. Leaders may be of predominantly a single style or may demonstrate the use of different styles depending on the environment that they find themselves in. Goleman (2000) has identified six styles which have been summarised below, however the descriptions of each style may be known by other titles according to different authors. Coercive – ‘Do as I tell you’. Demands that people follow the instructions given to them and leaves no room for their input or initiative. Rules from the top down. Can make people feel devalued and so resentful that they feel no compulsion to help the leader or business. It can however be used in times of crisis, during a turnaround and to deal with problematic employees, however it should ceased to be used when then issue is dealt with. Authoritative – ‘Come with me’. Authoritative leaders build a vision and inspire people to achieve the vision. Establishes a clear vision and encourages everyone to achieve the vision with true enthusiasm. They motivate people by demonstrating to them how their work fits into the larger vision of the organisation, and generally offers people the freedom to develop their own methods to achieve the stated vision. Affiliative – ‘People come first’. The Affiliative leader has a caring, nurturing approach building strong emotional bonds with people to develop fierce loyalty among people. They provide the freedom for people to choose the most effective way to do their work. Affiliative leaders offer positive feedback to personnel providing a sense of recognition and reward for work well done which in turn generates motivation and a sense of belonging among personnel. Democratic – ‘What do you think? ’. By listening to other people’s ideas and getting their buy-in, the democratic leader seeks consensus among personnel in how the work is to be done to achieve their goals and in setting the goals. This leadership method can create high morale and flexibility within a workforce due to personnel having a say in what is happening. Leaders can use this method to put off decision making or gain input from personnel to make decisions, however there is a risk that if a consensus cannot be reached on issues, many meetings may soon start to occur where decisions are not made, and more meetings are required. It is also a style not recommended when personnel are not competent or well enough informed to be able to make sound decisions. Pacesetting – ‘Do as I do, now’. The pace setting leader sets extremely high performance standards and then exemplifies them himself, expecting the others around him to do the same. If used inappropriately, it will negatively affect the work climate by the pacesetter overwhelming employees with their demands for excellence by making them feel as though they cannot be trusted to do their work. Initiative, flexibility and responsibility among personnel will also diminish. This approach however may work well with a group of like minded, competent personnel who have a set goal or project to complete. Coaching – ‘Try this’. By helping personnel to identify their strengths and weaknesses, the coaching leader helps to determine long term development goals and formulate an action plan to attain those goals. Coaching leaders are prepared to assign challenging tasks to personnel and accept the risk of short term failure if it furthers long term learning. Paradoxically, coaching primarily focuses on personal development rather than the immediate work related tasks, however coaching reinforces many factors that drive work climate – constant dialogue, constant and constructive feedback, clear expectations, responsibility, flexibility and commitment all of which have a positive effect on business performance. Although Goleman (2000, p. 87) identifies 6 individual leadership styles, he also goes on to state: Leaders who have mastered four or more – especially the authoritative, democratic, affiliative, and coaching styles – have the very best climate and performance. And the most effective leaders switch flexibility among the leadership styles as needed. Other leadership styles and theories include: Charismatic – According to Fatt (2000), â€Å"the charismatic leader is a visionary, specifically, having a vision of extraordinary goals and the ability to motivate those around him or her to achieve that vision†. The charismatic leader is able to express the vision, both in terms of communicating the vision and through their personal behaviour to realise the vision, explain the vision to others capturing both benefits to the business and the individual, extend the vision throughout the organisation and expand the vision in different ways and circumstances addressing whatever is required to achieve the vision. Charisma is often conferred by followers onto the leader, creating loyalty to the leader. The climate created by the leader is liable to change when the charismatic leader is removed or the situation changes and the need for a charismatic leader is no longer there. Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) – SLT suggests that leaders demonstrate a combination of both task and relationship orientated behaviours in various ratios when dealing with their subordinates depending on the maturity (ability and willingness) of the subordinate to able to complete the task. Blank et al (1990) suggest â€Å"subordinate â€Å"maturity† as the key situational characteristic that is said to moderate the relationship between leader behaviour (task and relationship) and leader effectiveness (Hersey Blanchard, 1969, 1982)†. It can be said then that as a workers maturity grows, their relationship with their leader will also change in terms of the leader demonstrating more relationship based behaviour and less task orientated behaviours. Path Goal Theory (PGT) – â€Å"The theory states that the main goal of the leader is to help subordinates attain the subordinates’ goals effectively, and to provide them with the necessary direction and support to achieve their own goals as well as those of the company. † Silverthorne (2001). In trying to achieve this, the leader needs to be adept in adopting directive, supportive, participative and achievement-orientated behaviours where necessary in order to assist the worker in achieving their goals. The leadership behaviour required will be decided by the nature of the task and the needs of the workers who have been set the task. Transactional – Transactional leadership involves the setting of tasks or goals and the provision of recognition or rewards for achieving the desired results. Bass et al. (2003), further this by stating â€Å"Exhibiting transactional leadership meant that followers agreed with, accepted, or complied with the leader in exchange for praise, rewards and resources or the avoidance of disciplinary action†. This includes a behaviour known as active management by exception whereas the leader specifies the standards for compliance, what will be deemed as non-conformance, and often details consequences of non-conformance. Transformational – â€Å"Transformational leadership refers to a leadership style in which leaders possess charisma and provide intellectual stimulation, individualised consideration and inspirational motivation to followers† Beugre et al. (2006). By clearly defining the organisations goals and objectives to workers, the transformational leader then inspires and motivates workers to achieve, beyond the task – reward behaviours exhibited by transactional leaders, the goals and objectives of the organisation. Transformational leadership is an effective style when an organisation needs to encompass change as transformational leaders identify new ways of working, seek opportunities and effective resolutions to problems rather than efficient solutions. Leadership styles can be many and varied or a leader can sometimes exhibit a dominant style. Generally throughout the research the author has conducted, the more styles a leader is competent in, the more likely they are to achieve the results they are after. The leadership style adopted by a leader in a given situation can have a large affect on the work climate and consequently, aid or inhibit them from achieving their objectives and goals. References Bass, B, Avolio, B, Jung, D, Berson, Y 2003, ‘Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership’, Journal of Applied Psycology, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 207-218 Beugre, C, Acar, W, Braun, W 2006, ‘Transformational leadership in organisations: an environment-induced model’, International Journal of Manpower, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 52-62 Blank, W, Weitzel, J, Green, S 1990, ‘A test of situational leadership theory’, Personnel Psychology, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 579-597 Fatt, J 2000, ‘Charismatic leadership’, Equal Opportunities International, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 24-28 Goleman, D 2000, ‘Leadership that gets results’, Harvard Business Review, March-April, pp. 78-90 Sagie, A, Koslowsky, M 1994, ‘Organisational attitudes and behaviours as a function of participation in strategic and tactical change decisions: an application of path-goal theory’, Journal of Organisational Behaviour, vol. 15 , no. 1, pp. 37-47 Silverthorne, C 2001, ‘A test of the path-goal leadership theory in Taiwan’, Leadership Organisational Development Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 151-158

Quotes for Saying Goodbye

Quotes for Saying Goodbye Moving on sometimes becomes inevitable. Whether it is to pursue a new job opportunity, go to school, or care for a loved one, people often relocate. When you move away, it can be challenging to leave your old life behind and say goodbye to friends, family, neighbors, and colleagues. Finding the words to express how you feel can be even harder. Saying goodbye becomes a little easier with the help of quotes from famous writers, artists, and entertainers. You can borrow some of their tender words and use them in your saying goodbye messages, cards, and presents. The words will reverberate in the hearts of your loved ones. J.M. Barrie Never say goodbye because goodbye means going away and going away means forgetting. Alfred Tennyson Gone- flitted away,Taken the stars from the night and the sunFrom the day!Gone, and a cloud in my heart. Ernie Harwell Its time to say goodbye, but I think goodbyes are sad and Id much rather say hello. Hello to a new adventure. Trey Parker Saying goodbye doesnt mean anything. Its the time we spent together that matters, not how we left it. Tom Petty You and I will meet again, When were least expecting it, One day in some far-off place, I will recognize your face, I wont say goodbye my friend, For you and I will meet again. Genevieve Gorder And the relationships that happen become so intense, deep, involved, and complex and really hard to say goodbye to. The hardest part of the show is saying goodbye when its all done. It really breaks you. William Shakespeare Parting is such sweet sorrow that I shall say goodnight till it be morrow. Ann M. Martin I wonder how you say goodbye to someone forever? Angela Ruggiero It feels right. But its emotional. Saying goodbye to anything youve done that long is hard. Robert Southey No distance of place or lapse of time can lessen the friendship of those who are thoroughly persuaded of each others worth. Richard Bach Can miles truly separate you from friends? If you want to be with someone you love, arent you already there? Victor Hugo Promise to give me a kiss on my brow when I am dead. I shall feel it. George Eliot Only in the agony of parting do we look into the depths of love. Kay Knudsen Love is missing someone whenever youre apart, but somehow feeling warm inside because youre close in heart. Nicholas Sparks The reason it hurts so much to separate is because our souls are connected. Dr. Seuss Remember me and smile, for its better to forget than to remember me and cry. Helen Rowland A man never knows how to say goodbye; a woman never knows when to say it. Henry David Thoreau Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make the latitudes and longitudes. Meredith Willson Where is the good in goodbye? R.M. Grenon Goodbye, goodbye, I hate the word. Solitude has long since turned brown and withered, sitting bitter in my mouth and heavy in my veins. Jarod Kintz Goodbyes, they often come in waves. Cassandra Clare You endure what is unbearable, and you bear it. That is all. A.A. Milne How lucky I am to have something that makes saying goodbye so hard. Charles Dickens The pain of parting is nothing to the joy of meeting again. Paulo Coelho If you are brave enough to say goodbye, life will reward you with a new hello. Charlie Brown Goodbye always makes my throat hurt. William Cowper Absence from whom we love is worse than death, and frustrates hope severer than despair. Khalil Gibran Ever has it been that love knows not its own depth until the hour of separation. Yann Martel It’s important in life to conclude things properly. Only then can you let go. Otherwise you are left with words you should have said but never did, and your heart is heavy with remorse. Alan Alda The best things said come last. People will talk for hours saying nothing much and then linger at the door with words that come with a rush from the heart. John Gay We only part to meet again. Mahatma Gandhi There are no goodbyes for us. Wherever you are, you will always be in my heart. Helen Keller So long as the memory of certain beloved friends lives in my heart, I shall say that life is good. Rumi Goodbyes are only for those who love with their eyes. Because for those who love with heart and soul there is no such thing as separation. Irish Blessing May the road rise up to meet you, may the wind be ever at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rain fall softly on your fields. And until we meet again, may God hold you in the hollow of his hand. Claudia Adrienne Grandi If I had a single flower for every time I think of you, I could walk forever in my garden.

Training and Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Training and Development - Research Paper Example For example, if a sales agent values success in the form of promotion and commission on sales as the most important objectives and also considers that a particular sales training program will help him achieve this objective, his expectancy for the training program will be increased and the outcome valence will also be valued. Hence, the agent will perform through an extra effort in the training session and will therefore succeed in it. For the company, the case of this sales agent will be very beneficial as the improved performance of the sales agent will also boost up the sales figures of the company. The benefits that the company can gain from applying this theory are humongous as the company will not only succeed in the short run with the performance boost of the employee but will also keep on reaping benefits from his performance until he leaves the company (National Research Council, 1998). Thus, it is quite evident that there are phenomenal benefits for the company, as well as the employees, if Expectancy theory is applied to the job roles and trainings for the employees. In order to implement the theory practically, the human resources department of the company has to come up with certain measures that would ensure a systematic procedure for carrying out the process required. The human resources department of the company should first clearly identify the ultimate goals that the company wants to achieve in the long run. After clearly identifying the long term objectives of the company and of the relevant department, the concerned authorities will have to identify the goal performances that are needed from the employees to ensure their success. The department has to be specific about the performance requirements and the feasible activities because with the already burdensome job criteria’s, the employees are usually reluctant to take part in the new initiatives. To ensure the optimal motivational levels of the employees, the human resource people sh ould sort all the possible training and performance tasks and come up with a few selected performance measures. Once the required tasks are selected, then the concerned people will have to launch an extensive awareness campaign for the employees (Human Performance Journal, 2002). The awareness campaign should appeal to the employees and show them how much, opting for the desired initiatives will benefit their individual positions. While, promoting the benefits the members should keep in mind how much the employee values certain things. They need to consider whether the certain employee aspires, position, pay raise, allowances, benefits and perks, involvement in projects, or success in initiatives. And depending on their preference, the concerned persons shall have to approach them and change their attitudes towards the initiative. Then the department has to set up platforms through which they can communicate the same objectives to the employees. These mentioned steps will help the e mployees in correlating their efforts to the benefits, and help them analyse the opportunity an optimistic manner. This initiative of the department will motivate the employees in opting for the initiative and benefiting themselves as well as the company in the long run (Noe, 1999). However, the scenario of implementation requires certain key measures

Reproduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reproduction - Essay Example Estrogen induces oxytocin receptors in the uterine musculature while progesterone softens the cervix. Signals from the moving fetus signals greater secretion of oxytocin which initiates a positive feedback by increasing uterine contractions (Despopoulos & Silbernagl, 2003, p 303). Thus oxytocin causes rhythmic contractions of the strong uterine muscles and helping in easy birth of the birth and prevents chances of post-partum hemorrhage (Odent, 1998. Milk production after the birth of the child is initiated by another hormone called prolactin. Post-parturition, estrogen and progesterone levels fall; because of this the inhibitory action of these hormones on prolactin is removed. Prolactin then induces secretion of milk in the glands. Though oxytocin has no direct role in milk production it plays an important role in the release of milk or the reflex of â€Å"milk let-down† (Mackenna & Callander, 1997). The infant’s suckling acts as the stimulus which initiates release of oxytocin from the pituitary (Campbell & Reece, 2009, p 986). Oxytocin then induces contraction of the muscles of the mammary glands to initiate the flow of milk from the glands to the nipples under the control of prolactin. Hence, it has also been named milk ejection

Scarecrows Pythagorean Theorem Essay Example for Free

Scarecrows Pythagorean Theorem Essay The Pythagorean theorem is one of the earliest theorems known to ancient civilization. The well-known theorem is named after the Greek mathematician and philosopher, Pythagoras. In the Wizard of Oz, after the Scarecrow gets a brain, he states the Pythagorean theorem. However, he mistakenly says it applies to an isosceles triangle when it applies to a right triangle. He not only says the wrong triangle, he also gets the equation wrong. The Scarecrow says, â€Å"The sum of the square root of two sides of an isosceles triangle is equal to the square root of the third side. † The correct equation for the Pythagorean theorem is, â€Å"The sum of the squares of the two legs of a right triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.† The isosceles triangle is a triangle with at least two equal sides; it also has two equal angles. The Pythagorean theorem is a statement about triangles containing a right angle. A right triangle is a triangle with a ninety-degree angle. With the Pythagorean theorem, you take a triangle with a right angle and make a square on each of the three sides; the biggest square has the exact same area as the two other squares put together. A square root of a number is a value that can be multiplied by itself to give the original number. Here is an example of a square root; the square root of nine is three because when three is multiplied by itself you get nine. To square a number, you just  multiply it by itself, as in the Pythagorean theorem. You can also square negative numbers, when you square a negative number you get a positive answer.  Although the Scarecrow got a brain from the wizard, he didn’t necessarily get the knowledge of having a brain. He messed up the Pythagorean theorem multiple times. He said that it had to do with square roots and isosceles triangles when the correct equation has to do with right triangles and the sum of the squares. References http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/emt669/student.folders/morris.stephanie/emt.669/essay.1/pythagorean.html http://www.moviemistakes.com/film1418/corrections/page4 http://www.mathsisfun.com/square-root.html

Communication Patterns of Men and Women :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"The whole goddamn business of what you’re calling intimacy bugs the hell out of me. I never know what you women mean when you talk about it. Karen complains that I don’t talk to her, but it’s not talk she wants, it’s some other damn thing, only I don’t know what the hell it is!† This quote from a man interviewed by Lillian Rubin is the perfect example of the differences in communication between men and women. These differences in communication methods of women and men are born of a complex interaction between society and the individual. Men seem to struggle with intimacy and emotional expression, while women rely on this type of communication causing much struggle between the sexes. Lillian Rubin suggests that intimacy, a form of communication between men and women, itself is an ambiguous or difficult term to define, but asserts that it does embody the idea of the ability to put away a public persona and be cared about or care for the â€Å"real person†. This alludes to a struggle between the human need for intimacy and that for independence suggested by other sociologists. In addition to this idea of intimacy, Rubin looks deeper into the human psyche and analyzes the different ways in which men and women communicate their emotions. Rubin explains that while women can easily explain what emotions they are feeling and what has caused these, men struggle to verbalize their feelings and this causes animosities between men and women. Women want men to communicate their emotions while men don’t understand why they should or how to go about doing this (Rubin, p. 384-386). Rubin’s explanation for the differences in communication is that it stems from societal pressures that encourage men to suppress their emotions, and act â€Å"rationally†. Men are socialized to believe that acting emotionally like women is not normal. She states that â€Å"this is the single most dispiriting dilemma between women and men.† Finally Rubin goes on to suggest that while men can act out anger and frustration inside the family, the expression of fear, dependency, or sadness would expose vulnerability, and is difficult for men to do (Rubin p. 383-388). Another Sociologist, Deborah Tannon, has done research in the differences between communication methods of women and men. She also suggests that conflicting ideas of intimacy and independence plays a critical role in the differing views of communication.

Katherine Mansfield Essay

How is the link between Mansfield’s personal views and experiences and the characters in her short stories reflected in her writing style? Today I will be talking about the similarities between Katherine Mansfield’s personal views, experiences and short stories. The portrayal of characters and their interactions in her short stories mirror many of her own relationships and experiences. I will be explaining how these parallels are reflected in the style of writing Mansfield uses. Although the stories were not completely identical to her real life experiences they were based on them and were strongly linked in the underlying themes. â€Å"At The Bay† is a brief insight into the relationship of Mr and Mrs Kember, focusing more so on Mrs Kember. Mansfield’s rebellious attitude is seen in her character development of Mrs Kember as an exaggerated, more unrefined version of herself. The character is described by other women as being â€Å"very fast† and she â€Å"treated men as though she were one of them† creating the impression that she does not behave like a conventional woman was expected to in those days. She uses negatively connoted language to demonstrate the disapproval of the other women towards Mrs Kember which could symbolize how Mansfield disappointed her mother and eventually became estranged from her. Her unconventional behaviour is reflected in her use of contrasting imagery when she draws comparisons between Mrs Kember and the other women of the bay, such as Beryl. This contrasting imagery is portrayed through the women’s clothing and mannerisms. Beryl â€Å"steps out of her skirt and shed her jersey, and stood up in her short white petticoat, and her camisole with ribbon bows on the shoulders† whereas Mrs Kember â€Å"rose, yawned, unsnapped her belt buckle, and tugged at the tape of her blouse.† The way in which Beryl undresses shows she is graceful and proper while the image of ribbon bows gives alludes to her femininity. The way Mrs Kember undresses is brash and her clothing is much plainer; the unsnapping of her belt and tugging of her blouse is related to manly gesture. The juxtaposition of the characters, Mrs Kember and Beryl, acts as a metaphor of her own incongruence to society’s norms and expectations of what it is to be a woman. During Mansfield’s life, she had her fair share of relationships and sexual partners. She had two lesbian relationships which were famous for their significant presence in her journal entries and stories however she also continued to have male lovers. Her bisexuality is explored in the stories â€Å"At the Bay† and â€Å"Bliss† perhaps using her characters as mouthpieces for her own feelings towards women or her intimate experiences with them. Like in her real life, both the characters she portrays as being attracted to women, already have men in their lives and believe themselves to be heterosexual despite their apparent feelings for other women. In â€Å"At the Bay† she uses dialogue between Mrs Kember and Beryl to establish a sensual under tone and express Mrs Kember’s attraction to Beryl. Remarks such as â€Å"what a little beauty you are† and â€Å"it’s a sin for you to wear clothes, my dear† coupled with Mrs Kember touching Beryl’s waist could be interpreted as flirtatious especially when combined with Mrs Kember’s masculine nature. It also felt as if Mrs Kember was corrupting innocent, naà ¯ve Beryl and yet Beryl seemed to welcome it. She â€Å"felt that she was being poisoned by this cold woman but she longed to hear it† which reinforces the impression of forbidden feelings and sexual tension between the women. â€Å"Bliss† is about a woman Bertha Young who is attracted to a female friend, Pearl Fulton. She has everything she could ask for, a husband, a baby and a beautiful home. She is overwhelmed with joy at the thought of her wonderful life but this takes a turn for the worst when it is revealed that her husband is having an affair with Pearl. Bertha’s state of mind is established within the first paragraph of the story; she is â€Å"overcome, suddenly, by a feeling of bliss-absolute bliss!† and feels like she has â€Å"swallowed a bright piece of that late afternoon sun†. The fragmented sentences used by Mansfield reveal the erratic behaviour of not only the character Bertha but of her as well. Through the repetition of words like â€Å"†¦deeply, deeply† and â€Å"..passionately, passionately† to describe even the most ordinary action of breathing Mansfield’s impulsive behaviour and passionate outlook on life is shown. Again Mansfield shows her dislike for conformity through the phrase of â€Å"oh, is there no way you can express it without being drunk and disorderly? How idiotic civilisation is! â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† is centred on Frau Brechenmacher who is a mother of five and the wife of a postman. The story is written in third person omniscient, focusing on Frau, and Mansfield uses the omniscient narrator to comment on her dislike for the patriarchal society in which she lived. She uses Herr Brechenmacher as an example of a typical man and by using short, abrupt sentences to express himself she shows the demanding, controlling nature of men. His dialogue mostly consisted of orders and claims like â€Å"Here, come and fasten this buckle† and â€Å"No. I’ll get my feet damp-you hurry!† She also likens men to animals through her vivid description of him â€Å"gesticulating wildly† with â€Å"saliva spluttering out of his mouth† when h e is drunk. The carnal imagery underpins her views that society’s expectation of gender roles was quite primitive. Furthermore she depicts Frau Brechenmacher as a victim at the mercy of her husband. Her repeated use of the words â€Å"her man† alludes to Herr Brechenmacher being her master which reflects Mansfield’s perception that society believed a woman, was like property and belonged to a man. The first image Mansfield introduces at the beginning of her story is that of the character Frau Brechenmacher carrying out the stereotypical duties of a women in the home; putting her children to sleep, polishing buttons and ironing her husband’s clothes. She also shows her daughter helping and learning from her. Mansfield uses the interaction between Frau Brechenmacher and her daughter to show how engrained the idea women are bred for domestic life is. It is a continuous cycle and that notion is passed on from generation to generation. The bride in the story is wearing a â€Å"white dress trimmed with stripes and bows of coloured ribbon, giving her the appearance of an iced cake all ready to be cut and served in neat little pieces to the bridegroom beside her†. The description Mansfield uses to equate the bride to cake that is to be served to the bridegroom is delivered with an air of disdain. She shows signs of pitying the bride. It also illustrates the purpose of women as objects of pleasure. The link between the cake and bride is indicative of Mansfield’s interpretation of marriage; a woman is consumed by her husband and loses her sense of self. Overall the tone in many of her stories is sombre, with very brief moments of joy mimicking the ups and down’s of Mansfield’s life as well as her feelings of being constrained by society. There are also strong themes of restlessness between the person she is and the person she portrays to the world. This is exhibited in her writing style through the differences between how the dialogue presents a character and how the omniscient narrator presents them. The endings to her story always appear incomplete as if there is unfinished business that the character has left to resolve much like Mansfield’s own experiences where she unresolved feelings for her lovers. The lack of closure in the endings leaves the audience with a sense of yearning and dissatisfaction. In parts of her stories where the mood is depressing her pace of her writing is quite slow with lengthy sentence structures. In parts that are positive and optimistic her pace of writing switches between succinct, bursts of bubbly language and sentence structure to ornately descriptive verses reflecting the sense of fulfilment and ecstasy. After analysing Mansfield’s writing style I have come to the conclusion that her use of imagery, sentence structure and use of narration are her most utilised devices. Her ability to develop her characters and relationships between characters so in depth, so quickly is a credit to her writing abilities and the way her personal experiences and views are communicated through her writing strengthens her connection with the audience.

Skills and Learning Statement

OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY Skills and Learning Statement for Topic 8: An analysis and evaluation of the business and financial performance of an organization over a three years period Being a Research and Analysis Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of: BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting Oxford Brookes University By: Name: Tao De ACCA Registration Number: 2171332 Submission Date: 24th May 2012 Words Count: 1881 Table of Contents Lessons Learned From Meetings With Project Mentor3Extent to Which Research Questions Have Been Answered5 Demonstration of Interpersonal and Communication Skills During Project Work7 Benefits Of Undertaking The RAP In Accountancy Studies and/or Current Employment Role8 Copy of Presentation Slides9 Lessons Learned From Meetings With Project Mentor During the project, I meet with my project mentor, Sonny Chan, for three times. In the three meetings with him, he gave me general guidance over my project progress, pointed out problems that I h ad made and took enquiries from me. First MeetingIn the first meeting, I came up with an idea of writing topic 8, and my mentor supported my idea. He gave me suggestions that potential problems that I may come up with, e. g. ratio explanation; and suggest me to review F7 (Financial Reporting) first to quickly pick up knowledge that I might forgotten, e. g. ratio analysis. After deciding the topic, I gave my mentor a list of companies that I want to analyze. The companies I selected are mainly operating in real estate industry, e. g. Frasers Centrepoint Trust, CapitaLand Commercial Trust and Suntec Real Estate Trust.Mr. Chan suggested that I need to choose a company that can make comparison, which means they have to have same year ending, similar operating area and both in form of trust. Only in this way, the ratios that have been calculated are meaningful and can be compared between two companies. From the first meeting, I learnt that a good targeted company and a good comparable co mpany selection is critical for a report. And also after the first meeting, I went through all the financial ratios, which helped me refresh my memory of what I have learnt during the F7 study.Second Meeting In the second meeting, I had finished main parts (financial analysis and business analysis) in my RAP project. After reviewed those analysis, my mentor pointed out that my explanation of ratios are not sufficient, and he shows me with examples as what is a sufficient explanation of ratio. He also suggests that I should have a segmental analysis regarding to Suntec REIT’ revenue. Besides these, he thought I needed to improve my references, which can make the analysis more convincing and have academic support.The second meeting is very meaningful indeed. It helps me improved my research report and taught me to think â€Å"deep†. For example, further explanation of ratios according to case helps my financial analysis much more meaningful. And it also helps me to know how to apply what I learnt in F7 study. Third Meeting The third meeting is relatively smooth; and my mentor’s main focus is on the format and presentation of my RAP projects. He pointed out certain wrong format of my references and inappropriate presentations, e. g. paper size, font size and line spacing.When the analysis report is about to finish, I was asked to prepare a presentation to my mentor and other students. After the presentation my mentor thought that I should improve my tone of speech to make it more convincing and encouraged me by saying that the RAP project is well prepared and he is very satisfied with my work. The third meeting with my mentor helps me to finalize my research report by adjusting things like font size and reference list. It let me know how to produce a standard and formal report, which will definitely be useful in future.And from presentation session, I learnt how to give an effective presentation to present my works. Extent to Which Research Q uestions Have Been Answered The objective that I set is to analyze the operation of Suntec REIT from financial and business perspective and try to help potential investors form a decision over the company. I believe after the research has been finished I have met the objective that I set and answered all the research questions. Though the research process is tedious, I managed myself to meet the objective answer the questions that I have set.Financial Analysis Firstly, I collect relevant information, e. g. 3 consecutive years of Annual Report of Suntec REIT and CCT REIT. Then transfer the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Comprehensive Income in the Annual Report into excel format. After the transfer, I used excel to compute basic ratios, e. g. net profit margin, current ratio and gearing; and form another tab to put these ratios in organized form (table). For explanation purposes, charts and tables were made based on those ratios and absolute numbers, e. . profit and revenue; and again being put into separate tab in the excel, ready to be used in the writing process. After the primary data being transformed into easily explainable table and charts, the financial analysis process begins. The financial analysis proceeds in the order of segmental analysis, profitability, liquidity, leverage and investment ratios. Under each heading, the relevant ratios are compared between two companies, underlying meaning of the ratio are explained and the reason for adverse/favorable are explained.For certain ratios, the potential impact is also discussed. Business Analysis At the start of this part, the business model to be used was quickly decided. At that time, I thought PESTEL analysis and SWOT analysis would be appropriate for the analysis, as PESTEL analysis gives an external picture of the business environment and SWOT analysis can provide general view of the business operation. However, during the business analysis, I found SWOT and PESTEL have certain p arts are overlapping, and this gives me a serious lesson of careful picking business analysis model.And to mitigate the problem, I try to more specifically differentiate the overlapping parts, e. g. PESTEL more focus on specific external factors while Opportunities and Threats are more general view of the environment that he company facing. Same as financial analysis, business analysis begins with information collection. During this period, I visited websites that relate to the real estate industry, e. g. Singapore REITs (http://sreit. reitdata. com), went to school library and review previous text books.During I reading the information, I took down the relevant information may useful as preparation for the business analysis. The writing process of the business analysis is mainly relying on the information being gathered. The information is written under the relevant headings of the models. Besides with this, the potential impacts are discussed. The two analysis can help potential i nvestors to have a general view of Suntec REIT’s operation both from the internal financial analysis and analysis based from business analysis model.And this can help them to make their decisions over the company. Therefore I confidently believe that I met the objective that I met. Demonstration of Interpersonal and Communication Skills During Project Work I believe that interpersonal and communication skills have been showed throughout the course of my RAP. Oral skills were required when I met up with my mentor and when making my presentation to my mentor and other students. And my writing communication skill is demonstrated through my writing of my research report.Effective communication is significantly important in have a productive interaction between my mentor and me. Every meeting with my mentor must be effective. As such, I will spend time to form my questions on the issues that I wanted to ask and diligently write down whatever suggestions that Mr. chan gave me durin g our meetings. As far as I can, I will play an active role in the oral discussion about the issues that I prepared before the meeting. Open-ended questions were asked when I needed more elaboration on certain issues.And I will also ask close-ended questions when I need a confirmation on specific issues. Besides face-to-face meeting, I discussed with my mentor through emails, text messages, Skype and MSN between meetings. In order to avoid misinterpretations, I tried to make sure that every message was well thought and organized before transmission. Writing research report requires me to have good written communication skills. This includes proper grammar and appropriate vocabulary. Except for that, I must be able to do good summaries.During the meetings and other methods of communication with my mentor, I have realized that conveying my message in a specific manner is crucial. I must not be too ‘wordy’ and always should present my points in an organized manner and try to progress into details. In the presentation of my research report, I found encouraging audience participation is an important aspect in the presentation. I have used my body language to emphasize important points. Besides that, I have also made regular eye contacts with the audience so that they can remain interested in my speech.Except for that, I also need to be sure that I am perfectly competent to take any questions during the Q&A after the presentation. And in order to do so, I predicted any areas that the audience may question about and prepare my answer for it, so that I won’t be brain go bland and come up with meaningless answers. Benefits Of Undertaking The RAP In Accountancy Studies and/or Current Employment Role The RAP is a completely new adventure for me and gives me significant challenge to finish such a big project, which takes almost 4 months. And I believe I benefit a lot during the project.In the project I reviewed the knowledge that I have learnt, e. g. F 7, F9 and P3; and applied them in the chosen companies, i. e. Suntec REIT and CCT REIT. This experience helps me to have further understanding of the knowledge I have learnt, e. g. actual meaning of those ratios instead of their computation and the application of PESTEL instead of theoretical concepts. Besides that, I also find certain areas that I need to enhance on. In the business analysis, I used an overlapping business model being introduced to analyze the chosen company.This shows my weak understanding over that area. Immediately after the project, I read up relevant material in P3 so that to enhance my better understanding over the subject and to apply it more proficiently in the future. After the project, I also find more about myself. I find my advantages, e. g. organizing random and complex information. These advantages can help me recognize which area I am good at and take advantage of in the future. And at the same time I also find some short comes that I need to avoid o r improve in the future e. g. ack of time control and weak at prioritizing tasks. And these can help me to know what need to be pre-considered to avoid same issue happen again. Besides these, the journey of completing the project can somehow help me to promote my career in the future. †¢ In the research report, it taught me how to form an official report with convincing tone and objective facts. And this experience may let me to form formal report in the future work place. †¢ From the presentation part, I learnt how to give a great presentation to fellow mates and pass information effectively.In the future, I can know how to give a much greater presentation based on the OBU project experience. †¢ The application of those ratios into real cases builds my confidence in using them to analyze financial performance of companies in practice. All these experiences can help me to better prepare for my future career and increase my opportunity to â€Å"shine† in the wor k place. In conclusion, I have to testify here that RAP provides me an experience that will definitely contribute to my further ACCA study and future employment.

buy custom Malaria essay

buy custom Malaria essay Malaria is a disease which has existed for more than fifty years. Malaria is believed to have affected people during the ancient world. For example, in 2700 BC, some cases of malaria were reported in China. The Roman Empire was also plagued by malaria. In Rome, it was referred to as the Roman fever. Thus, the term malaria originated from the Medieval Italian word: mala aria meaning bad air(Randall 24). Initially, malaria was pervasive in Europe and some parts of America especially in the north, however, few cases of this disease have been reported at present. Since 1896, scientific research has been conducted to establish the nature of malaria. Although malaria is closely linked with poverty, it also leads to poverty. This is because it hinders economic progress in many countries especially in Africa where it is endemic. At present, tropical regions register the highest percentages of malaria infections, but some temperate regions also experience malaria infections. Poverty serves as both a cause and impact of malaria. This is because poor individuals lack resources to curb and cure malaria. The economy is also affected since many resources are channeled toward dealing with malaria. Demographic transition has also stagnated in places like Africa where malaria has not been properly handled. Besides this, child mortality is relatively high in malaria infested regions. Causes of Malaria Plasmodium parasites are responsible for malaria infections among humans, birds, and animals. In humans, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. knowlesi(Zimmerman 45). Nonetheless, malaria infections are primarily caused by P. Vivax. On the other hand, P. falciparum is extremely lethal, and it causes majority of malaria deaths. Humans and some vertebrates act as intermediate hosts of parasites. Anopheles mosquitoes serve as the major hosts, and they also act as key transmission vectors. Female mosquitoes usually transmit the parasites because they feed on blood. Male mosquitoes do not participate in transmission of vectors because they eat plant nectars, and they do not rely on blood meals. Apart from mosquitoes, blood transfusion may also lead to transmission of malaria, but this occurs rarely. Malaria often recurs among patients who have received medication because of the following factors. In some cases, some parasites may not be completely destroyed through treatment. Hence, they can multiply and trigger another infection. This mode of infection is known as recrudescence. Secondly, malaria re-infection often occurs when an individual is exposed to the parasites after treatment. Relapse is the third mode of infection. It is speific to P. vivax and P. ovale and involves re-emergence of blood-stage parasites from latent parasites in the liver(Zimmerman 56). Development of malaria takes place in two phases. The first one is known as exoerythrocytic phase, which is characterized by liver infection. The second level is known as erythrocytic phase, and the parasites infect and damage the red blood cells. After a mosquito bite, the pathogens are transmitted to the liver through the blood stream. Once in the liver, the organisms differentiate to yield thousands of merozoites, which escape into the blood stream and infect the red blood cells, thus beginning the erthrocytic stage of the life cycle(Sutherland 551). After this, an infected individual starts experiencing the symptoms which include the following. Signs and symptoms Symptoms of malaria include fever, shivering, vomiting, anemia, retinal damage and convulsions(Webb 134). An infected individual may experience sweating followed by sudden coldness especially in a case where one is infected by P.vivax. In some cases, an individual may experience abdominal pain. Besides this, victims of malaria infection may also sustain cognitive impairments, and this majorly occurs among children. Retinal whitening is a distinct symptom among individuals having cerebral malaria infections. At an advanced stage, a malaria patient experience a coma, and a patient can easily die due to serious body malfunctioning caused by acute damage of blood cells. Plasmodium falciparum is more dangerous than other malaria parasites because it causes severe malaria that is not easily treated. Diagnosis Blood examination conducted through laboratory procedures is the main way of diagnosing malaria. A part from blood analysis, urine and saliva can also be used as alternative samples for diagnosis of malaria, but they are less invasive specimens. Antigen tests are among the new mechanisms for conducting clinical examination for malaria. In areas where laboratory tests are absent, analysis of the common symptoms such as subjective fever can be used to identify the presence of malaria in a patient. Treatment A malaria patient is able to recover completely if he or she receives proper medication. The manner malaria treatment is administered depends on the severity of the infection. For instance, oral drugs can be applied in treating normal malaria infections. Anti-malarial drugs are mainly used in cases of severe infection. Support measures are also important for seriously infected individuals. Chlroquine and quinine have been commonly used, but moree effective drugs with few side effects have been introduced. Use of prophylactic drugs is seldom practical for full-time residents of malaria-endemic regions(Webb 245). Control Apart from treatment, various mechanisms can be used to reduce the spread of malaria parasites, and they include the following. Malaria can best be dealt with through elimination of mosquitoes. For example, vector control initiatives were successful in the eradication of malaria especially in Europe and America. Draining of wetlands is also important in this process because it reduces the rate of mosquito breeding. Better sanitation and pesticide DDT have also contributed to a significant reduction of mosquito breeding. Before DDT, malaria was successfully eradicated or controlled in several tropical areas by removing or poisoning the breeding grounds of the mosquitoes or the aquatic habitats of the larva stages(Webb 89). Another viable method of curbing malaria that was recently discovered is called sterile insect technique. This involves creating transgenic mosquitoes that are resistant to malaria. This procedure will gradually make mosquitoes less harmful since most of them will no longer participate in vector transmission. Researchers from Arizona University have also made a noble contribution toward malaria elimination by engineering mosquitoes that cannot be affected by malaria. Indoor residual spraying involves the use of insecticides to eliminate mosquitoes which inhabit homes. In this case, interior parts of residential houses can be sprayed with insecticides, and it has been recommended for people living in highly infested areas. Besides this, mosquito nets are also useful in enhancing protection of people from potential malaria infections. People should also be sensitized on how to deal with malaria related challenges. Conclusion The above discussion reveals that malaria has been a challenge to humans for a long time. In this case, many measures have been taken to deal with it. Malaria has been eliminated successfully in some regions, but it has remained endemic especially in the third world. This is because poor countries are still not prepared to eliminate it. Apart from causing many annual death cases, malaria has posed a great challenge on the entire world economy. This is because many resources have been diverted towards dealing with it. Scientist should, therefore, strive to formulate sustainable solutions for malaria. For instance, they can develop better drugs and vaccines to enhance the elimination of malaria. Last but more importantly, everyone should remain committed in the fight against malaria. Buy custom Malaria essay

Time Values for Access SQL in Delphi

Format Date/Time Values for Access SQL in Delphi Ever get the awful Parameter object is improperly defined. Inconsistent or incomplete information was provided JET error? Heres how to rectify the situation. When you need to create a SQL query against ​an Access database where a date (or a date time) value is used you need to make sure the correct formatting is used. For example, in a SQL query: SELECT * FROM TBL WHERE DateField 10/12/2008 you want to get all the records from the table named TBL where a general date field DateField equals 10/12/2008. Is the line above clear? Is that December, 10 or October, 12? Luckily, we are pretty sure the year in the query is 2008. Should the date part of the query be specified as MM/DD/YYYY or DD/MM/YYYY or maybe YYYYMMDD? And do regional settings play a role here? MS Access, Jet, Date Time Formatting When using Access and JET (dbGo - ADO Delphi controls) the formatting of the SQL for the date field should *always* be: #YYYY-MM-DD# Anything else might work in limited testing but can often lead to unexpected results or errors on the users machine. Heres a custom Delphi function you can use to format a date value for the Access SQL query. function DateForSQL(const date : TDate) : string;var   Ã‚  y, m, d : word; begin   Ã‚  DecodeDate(date, y, m, d) ;   Ã‚  result : Format(#%.*d-%.*d-%.*d#,[4, y, 2, m, 2, d]) ; end; For January 29, 1973 the function will return the string #1973-01-29#. Access SQL Date Time Format? As for the date and time formatting, the general format is: #yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS# This is: #year-month-daySPACEhour:minute:second# As soon as you construct a valid date time string for the SQL using the above general format and try it using any of Delphis dataset components as TADOQuery, you will receive the awful Parameter object is improperly defined. Inconsistent or incomplete information was provided error at run-time! The problem with the format above is in the : character - as it is used for parameters in parametrized Delphi queries. As in ... WHERE DateField :dateValue - here dateValue is a parameter and the : is used to mark it. One way to fix the error is to use another format for date/time (replace : with .): #yyyy-mm-dd HH.MM.SS# And heres a custom Delphi function to return a string from a date time value you can use when constructing SQL queries for Access where you need to search for a date-time value: function DateTimeForSQL(const dateTime : TDateTime) : string;var   Ã‚  y, m, d : word;   Ã‚  hour, min, sec, msec : word; begin   Ã‚  DecodeDate(dateTime, y, m, d) ;   Ã‚  DecodeTime(dateTime, hour, min, sec, msec) ;   Ã‚  result : Format(#%.*d-%.*d-%.*d %.*d.%.*d.%.*d#,[4, y, 2, m, 2, d, 2, hour, 2, min, 2, sec]) ; end; The format looks weird but will result in the correctly formatted date time string value to be used in SQL queries! Heres a shorter version using the FormatDateTime routine: function DateTimeForSQL(const dateTime : TDateTime) : string;begin   Ã‚  result : FormatDateTime(#yyyy-mm-dd hh.nn.ss#, dateTime) ; end;

Examine the Treatment of Women and Minortities in Corportations Essay

Examine the Treatment of Women and Minortities in Corportations - Essay Example But, despite these changes, many in the world in positions of power do not have the patience or adaptability to accept the fact that woman can play a leading role, and so discrimination has become a normal experience for women. This paper examines how females are treated in companies as they have now become a threat to the continued economic and political ascendancy of men. Table of content Introduction 4 Public policies 6 Public policies about women and minorities 7 Role of corporations in affecting public policies about women and minorities 8 Programs run by the corporation that helps in affecting women and minorities 10 Mission statements for how women shall be treated in corporations 11 Conclusion 12 Examine the Treatment of Women and Minorities in Corporations Introduction Women in America face different opportunities, types and levels of treatment, and cultural acceptance and norms than a century ago. Women a hundred years ago were not expected to have full and free civic and c ultural participation, and were expected to ultimately deserve domestic tasks, have and raise offspring. Social norms constructed women as passive and frail, and not as competent to achieve strongly or intellectual all that men could. Men were supposed to be breadwinners, strong John Wayne figures with unquestioned authority over the home and over children. Though this was always an idealized view of the world, and ignored micro-conflicts going on in the culture at all times (especially since the feminist movement is as old as the 19th century), certainly these archetypes and schema are still important to cultural formation today. Changing role of women today Counterintuitively, despite obvious cultural and social changes, family responsibilities have not modified much in today's society. Women might be in the workplace more often, but the conventional responsibilities of women are still dominant. They are still the very compassionate provider and nurturer of infants and children, t he comforter for the weeping young offspring and the feminine existence of the household. While the husband's job has diversified into more domestic chores such as cooking, cleaning, attending PTA meetings, and going to soccer games, they still overwhelmingly are considered to have the role as head of the household, not its manager. Women have picked up more economic labor, but this has not been met by men picking up commensurate domestic labor (Hochschild, 1990). This is of course increasingly at odds with a world where women can often out-earn their male counterparts and are often more educated and qualified. Can women truly "be like the man", in terms of domestic authority, economic power, etc.? Arguably, yes. Women are increasingly capable of managing money, handling home improvement projects, and being single parents and sole breadwinners. Women aren’t likely to become as physically strong as men, but that has never been a truly important consideration in an industrializ ed society. Women are increasingly capable of thinking like men, but still being in a somewhat subordinate period and having different gender norms and construction have made it unlikely that women will be like men in terms of lived experiences, values and

Microsoft updates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microsoft updates - Essay Example a. Windows Memory Diagnostic which scans the memory of the computer for errors. It is mostly applicable when a computer freezes abruptly, after RAM modules have been altered or after one upgrades the system. b. System Image Recovery is the other tool used when one wants to restore the system image. It is mostly applicable when other tools have failed to restore the system to its optimal functioning. Its only failure is that once it is used, it can only restore files and folders which were present at the time when the system image was formed. c. Mason et al., states that, System restore is used to restore the Windows system to earlier versions but does not alter user files. One only needs to choose a restore point where the configuration works properly (Mason et al., 2012). e. Command Prompt is used by advanced users in order to conduct recovery related tasks. However, it should only be used by advanced users, since its use without proper knowledge may aggravate the condition