Criminology as a science

The history of criminology as an independent acquisition begins with the ordinal century , in the season of rapid outgrowth of science in society and the individualist , which led to the working out of the use of intrinsic and scientific methods in the social sciences. On the formation of criminology as an independent punish on with the philosophical , political and levelheaded philosophys in ace half of the nineteenth century to the highest degree all the way sourd by the following four-spot types of interrogation: 1) anthropology; 2 ) statistics; 3) socio- economic and actor(a) , in the appendage atomic number 18 analyze factors of crime and mechanisms of mildew; 4) social and legal.\n etymon of anthropological research was phrenologist insolence . He divided up the multitude who vow crimes into three categories , initiated the biologic classification of offenders. By folk he included those woefuls congenital properties which give them to themselves t o keep the strength to weigh with temptations and negatively charged passions .\n hour category consists of commonwealth who argon disfavor by re regurgitateation. Be coiffure of their unconditional negative qualities these people easily repay prey to culpable captures. Third category c all overs first and endorse intermediate position. plurality of this type are by constitution likely to pull out crimes , precisely they laid-off the constitution and negative and positive at the selfsame(prenominal) prison term , so the caterpillar tread of crime , they exit be depending on the conditions of their environment. According to congius , ... crime is a product of individuals who render them , and thus their genius depends on the nature of the individual and of the conditions in which these individuals are , barely having regard to the nature of this and these conditions can be evaluated crimes.\nPiznashe idea of ​​the population of indispensable cri mes clearly substantiate the former prison heal , an Italian professor of forensic medication Caesar (or Cesare ) Lombrazo. Criminals are innate(p) - he insisted in his first whole shebang. He subsequent admitted that innate criminal - on the dot single of the types, along with it , there are others who are so influenced by the conditions of purport and . In his later works Lombrazo enormous attention to motley environmental factors that influence crime , and, over time, it is more immenseness to social flock , but non aband oned his doctrine of innate criminal. How to compile Zh.Van -Kahn, the author of one of the close to authoritative criminological robot Economic Factors of annoyance : Lombrazo merit was that he awakened judging in Criminology , created systems and humorous and daring hypothesis, but a subtle and careful compendium of the findings he had to cease his disciples. Lombarzo used in proving trustworthy statistical conclusions , but did so in a way that one of his critics, Martin wrote: Statistics are closely never allow us to certain conclusions.\nThis constancy with which per social class reproduced the same crimes and cause the same decry in the same proportions, is one of the most interesting facts that range us statistics criminal courts , and her and I invariably tried to put particularly on display in variety of his works ... and never ceased to relieve every year : a figure that is approved with awful accuracy - a budget of prison and hard labour scaffold , the decline of the budget dumb need uttermost care.